| Year | Name | Location | Size | Explanation | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2600 BC - 2100 BC |  Grimes Graves | 
                Norfolk, Great Britain | 400 pits 13 m deep | the best preserved and largest Neolithic flint mine | 
| 600 BC - 50 BC |  Salzbergwerk Hallstatt | 
                Oberösterreich, Austria | 4.5 km long, 280 m deep | The most important celtic salt mine. Brine springs were used since 4.000 BC. | 
| 100 BC |  Las Médulas | 
                Las Médulas, Spain | 22 km² open cast | Largest gold mine in the Roman Empire. | 
| 968 AD - 1980 |  Rammelsberg, Germany | 
                Harz, Germany | 10 km² | the most important silver mine during the middle ages | 
| 1200s - 1992 |  Stora Kopparberget | 
                Falun, Dalarna Province, Sweden | open cast 95 m deep, 400 m long and 350 m wide | in the 1600s, the mine supplied two thirds of European copper, in total 30 million tons of ore | 
| 1426-1550 |  Schwazer Silberbergwerk | 
                Tirol, Austria | 250 tunnels with more than 500 km length in total | during the 15th and 16th century the biggest silver mine of the world, until American mines produced cheaper silver. | 
| 1871-1914 |  Kimberley Mine - Big Hole | 
                South Africa | 215 m deep hole | the world’s largest diamond mine, owned and operated by De Beers produced some 15 million diamonds | 
| 1866-1884 | Malakoff Diggins | California, USA | 2.133 m long, 914 m wide, 182 m deep | during the gold rush in California the biggest hydraulic mine in the world | 
| 1910-1950 |  Hull Rust Mine | 
                Minnesota, USA | 8 km long, 3.2 km wide, 180 m deep | produced one-fourth of all iron ore mined in the United States between 1910 and 1950 |